Iyini isikhwama esibolayo

1. Isikhwama sokubola kwezinto eziphilayo，Izikhwama zokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ziyizikhwama ezikwazi ukubola ngamabhaktheriya noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Kusetshenziswa izikhwama zepulasitiki ezingaba yizigidigidi ezingama-500 kuya ku-1 trillion minyaka yonke. Izikhwama zokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ziyizikhwama ezikwazi ukubola ngamabhaktheriya noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Kusetshenziswa izikhwama zepulasitiki ezingaba yizigidigidi ezingama-500 kuya ku-1 trillion minyaka yonke.
2. Hlukanisa phakathi "okubolayo" kanye "nokungavundiswa"
Ngokwejwayelekile, igama elithi "biobolitable" linencazelo ehlukile kune-compost. "Biobolitable" lisho ukuthi izinto zingabola ngamabhaktheriya noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo, futhi "umquba" embonini yepulasitiki uchazwa njengekhono lokubola endaweni ezungezile egcinwe ezimweni ezithile zokushisa nomswakama ezilawulwayo. I-Compospost yikhono lokubola ensimini yomquba, okwenza izinto zingabonakali futhi zibole zibe yi-carbon dioxide, amanzi, amakhemikhali angaphili kanye ne-biomass ngesivinini esivumelana ne-

Ukufakwa "kwezinto ezingaphili" kwasusa umkhiqizo wokugcina ekubhekweni njengomquba noma i-humus, okuyizinto eziphilayo kuphela. Eqinisweni, indinganiso ye-xxx edingekayo ukuze ipulasitiki ibizwe ngokuthi umquba ngaphansi kwencazelo ye-ASTM ukuthi kumele inyamalale ngesivinini esifanayo nento umuntu ayazi kakade ukwenza umquba ngaphansi kwencazelo yendabuko. Izikhwama zepulasitiki zingenziwa nge-polymer ejwayelekile yepulasitiki (okungukuthi, i-polyethylene) noma i-polypropylene bese zixutshwa nesithasiselo esibangela ukuwohloka kwe-polymer (i-polyethylene) bese sibola ngenxa yalokho.
3. Izinto zesikhwama esibolayo
liqinile futhi lithembekile njengezikhwama zendabuko (ikakhulukazi i-polyethylene). Izikhwama eziningi zenziwe ngephepha, izinto eziphilayo, noma i-polyhexanolactone. "Umphakathi ubona ukuthi ukubola kuyinto ewumlingo," yize leli gama lisetshenziswa kabanzi, ngokusho kukaRamaniNarayan, unjiniyela wamakhemikhali e-East Lansing Michigan State University kanye nomeluleki wesayensi e-Institute for Biodegradable Plastics." Leli yigama elisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi elisetshenziswa kabi kakhulu kusichazamazwi sethu. E-Greater Pacific Waste Area, ipulasitiki ebolayo iyahlukana ibe yizicucu ezincane ezingangena kalula ochungechungeni lokudla ngokudliwa.
4.Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izikhwama ezibolayo.
Imfucuza esezitshalweni ivame ukuphinda isetshenziswe, kodwa kunzima ukuyihlela nokuyisebenzisa kabusha ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Ama-polymer asekelwe kwi-bio angangcolisa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kwamanye ama-polymer avamile. Ngenkathi abakhiqizi bepulasitiki ebolayo nge-aerobic bethi izikhwama zabo zingaphinde zisetshenziswe, abakhiqizi abaningi befilimu yepulasitiki ngeke bazamukele ngoba akukho cwaningo lwesikhathi eside mayelana nokwenzeka kwemikhiqizo ephinda isetshenziswe equkethe lezi zithasiselo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Institute for Biodegradable Plastics (BPI) ithe ukwakheka kwezithasiselo kumafilimu afakwe i-oxidized kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, okuletha ukuhlukahluka okukhulu enkambisweni yokuphinda kusetshenziswe.