Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo komhlaba wonke mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa nezindlela zokukhiqiza izikhwama zokudla nazo ziyashintsha buthule. Izikhwama zokudla zepulasitiki zendabuko zithole ukunakwa okwengeziwe ngenxa yokulimala kwazo emvelweni. Amazwe athathe izinyathelo zokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwawo futhi akhuthaze ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziwohlokayo. Lesi sihloko sizohlola isimo samanje sezikhwama zokudla, izinselele ababhekana nazo, kanye nesiqondiso sentuthuko esizayo.
1. Isimo samanje sezikhwama zokudla
Njengento yokupakisha ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke, izikhwama zokudla zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezitolo ezinkulu, ezokuphekela, ekuthengeni nakwezinye izinkambu. Ngokwezibalo, inani lezikhwama zepulasitiki ezikhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye liphakeme njengezigidigidi, futhi ingxenye enkulu yazo isetshenziselwa ukupakisha ukudla. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki kulethe izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo. Kuthatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuba ipulasitiki ibole endaweni engokwemvelo, futhi izinto eziyingozi zizokhishwa phakathi nenqubo yokubola, ezingcolisa inhlabathi nemithombo yamanzi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe amaningi nezifunda seziqalile ukuyibona le nkinga futhi sethule izinqubomgomo zokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki. Isibonelo, i-European Union yaphasisa i-Plastic Bags Directive ngo-2015, idinga amazwe angamalungu ukuba anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo ku-90 umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka ngo-2021. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-China iphinde yasebenzisa "ukuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki" emadolobheni amaningi ukuze kukhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi asebenzise izinto eziwohlokayo.
2. Izingozi zemvelo zezikhwama zepulasitiki
Izingozi zemvelo zezikhwama zepulasitiki zibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Ukungcola olwandle: Inqwaba yezikhwama zepulasitiki zilahlwa ngokuthanda kwazo futhi ekugcineni zigeleze zingene olwandle, zibe yingxenye kadoti wasolwandle. Izilwane zasolwandle zidla izikhwama zepulasitiki ngephutha, okubangela ukufa kwazo noma ukukhula okungavamile, kuthinte kabi ibhalansi yemvelo.
Ukungcoliswa komhlabathi: Lapho izikhwama zepulasitiki zibola emhlabathini, zikhipha amakhemikhali ayingozi, athinta izinga lomhlabathi nokukhula kwezitshalo.
Udoti wezinsiza: Ukukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki kudla izinsiza eziningi ze-petroleum, ebezingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo ezibaluleke kakhulu.
3. Ukunyuka kwezikhwama zokudla ezonakele
Njengoba zibhekene nezinkinga zemvelo ezibangelwa izikhwama zepulasitiki, izinkampani eziningi nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi seziqalile ukuthuthukisa izikhwama zokudla ezonakele. Lezi zikhwama ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezivuselelekayo ezifana nesitashi sesitshalo kanye ne-polylactic acid (i-PLA), engonakaliswa ngokwemvelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukunciphisa umthwalo emvelweni.
Izikhwama zesitashi sezitshalo: Lolu hlobo lwesikhwama senziwe ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zezitshalo ezifana nesitashi sombila, futhi sinokuvumelana okuhle kwe-biocompatibility kanye nokuwohloka. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izikhwama zesitashi zezitshalo zingonakaliswa ngokuphelele phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.
Izikhwama ze-Polylactic acid: I-Polylactic acid iyi-bioplastic eyenziwe ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo (njengesitashi sombila) enezici ezinhle zomshini nokungafihli lutho, elungele ukupakishwa kokudla. Izikhwama ze-Polylactic acid zingonakaliswa phakathi nezinyanga eziyisi-6 ngaphansi kwezimo zokuvundisa zezimboni.
Ezinye izinto ezintsha: Ngaphandle kwesitashi sezitshalo ne-polylactic acid, abacwaningi baphinde bahlole ezinye izinto eziwohlokayo, njenge-seaweed extracts, i-mycelium, njll. Lezi zinto ezintsha azigcini nje ngokuhambisana nemvelo, kodwa futhi zihlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kokupakisha.
4. Izinselelo zezikhwama zokudla ezonakele
Nakuba izikhwama zokudla okonakele zinezinzuzo ezisobala ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, zisabhekene nezinselelo ezithile ohlelweni lokuphromotha nokusebenzisa:
Izinkinga zezindleko: Njengamanje, izindleko zokukhiqiza izinto eziwohlokayo ngokuvamile ziphakeme kunezinto zepulasitiki zendabuko, okwenza abathengisi abaningi basavame ukusebenzisa izikhwama zepulasitiki ezishibhile lapho bekhetha izinto zokupakisha.
Ukuqwashisa abathengi: Abathengi abaningi abanalo ulwazi olwanele lwezikhwama zokudla ezonakaliswayo futhi basajwayele ukusebenzisa izikhwama zepulasitiki zendabuko. Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngezemvelo kanye nokubakhuthaza ukuthi bakhethe imikhiqizo eyonakala kuwukhiye wokuphromotha.
Uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha: Ukugaywa kabusha nokwelashwa kwezikhwama zokudla ezonakele kudinga ukusungulwa kwesistimu yomsindo. Okwamanje, izindawo eziningi azikakakhi indlela esebenzayo yokugaywa kabusha, engase ibangele ukuthi izikhwama ezonakaliswayo zihlanganiswe nezikhwama zepulasitiki ezivamile phakathi nenqubo yokwelapha, kuthinte umphumela wokuwohloka.
5. Isiqondiso Sokuthuthukiswa Kwekusasa
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zokudla ezonakaliswa, ohulumeni, amabhizinisi nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi kufanele basebenzisane ukuze bathathe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo: Uhulumeni kufanele ethule izinqubomgomo ezifanele ukuze akhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi athuthukise futhi asebenzise izinto eziwohlokayo, futhi anikeze uxhaso noma izinxephezelo zentela emabhizinisini asebenzisa izikhwama ezibolekayo.
Imfundo yomphakathi: Ngokwazisa umphakathi kanye nemfundo, thuthukisa ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngezikhwama zokudla ezonakele futhi ukhuthaze abathengi ukuthi bakhethe imikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo.
Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe: Khulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziwohlokayo, unciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwempahla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane kangcono nesidingo semakethe.
Thuthukisa uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha: Sungula futhi uthuthukise uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha nokwelashwa kwezinto ezonakaliswayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuwohloka kwazo okusebenzayo ngemva kokusetshenziswa nokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni.
Isiphetho: Umgwaqo obheke ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kwezikhwama zokudla mude futhi unzima, kodwa ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqwashisa umphakathi, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ukupakishwa kokudla esikhathini esizayo kuzoba luhlaza futhi kulungele imvelo. Ngemizamo ehlanganyelwe, singakha indawo engcono yokuhlala yezizukulwane ezizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-07-2024
